PAEA Pediatrics End of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam 2025 - Free Pediatrics EOR Practice Questions and Study Guide

The most common cause of hypothyroidism in children is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This autoimmune condition leads to the destruction of thyroid tissue by the body’s immune system, resulting in decreased production of thyroid hormones.

In children, this condition can present with insufficient levels of thyroid hormones, which are critical for growth, metabolism, and development. The autoimmune nature of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis means it is a long-term condition that can lead to persistent hypothyroidism if not managed appropriately. It is also essential to note that this condition can often arise after a period of normal thyroid function, making it crucial for parents and healthcare providers to monitor thyroid levels regularly in children, especially if symptoms suggest thyroid dysfunction.

On the other hand, congenital hypothyroidism is a significant cause of hypothyroidism in newborns, but it is not as prevalent as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in the pediatric population as a whole. Acute thyroiditis usually does not result in chronic hypothyroidism, and idiopathic hyperthyroidism refers to an overactive thyroid gland rather than an underactive one. Thus, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis stands out as the most common and significant cause of hypothyroidism seen in children